2014. Folk taxonomy in ethnic groups: controversy and nature.
by Tomasz Q. Pietrzak
Manuscript. 5 day of february. Gabinet of Natural History Inquiries; educational
materials.

Speculation is based on folk taxonomy what is widespread applied by humans elsewhere.
Folk taxonomy is common used by investagation known as cryptozoology (see e.g. B. Brent
et al. 1966, C. Arment 1995, M. Raynal 1999, L. Rossi pers. comm.). Creatures as east
african proteus or black sea snake are in fact different animals that are described as being
evil or attacked people or possess for they danger. Creatures of cryptozooogy in great
quantity come from natural world. We must get to know about "jumping creatures" that a few
animals known as one creature. We call them "few creatures that are one". They are the most
dangerous for peculiar ethnic groups and hence called as one. We called them unknown
animals, but in fact plenty of them are folk taxonomic approach for scientific known species/
It is folk taxonomy of primary ethnic groups, that not distinguished for something like
as false or true. Primary ethnic groups does not distinguish between false and true. They just
know (M. Ballot 2012). Some creatures is known as wonderful and dangerous (e.g. cultural
creatures). Maimanto, great "rat" that grow under the ground and is in fact folk memory of
found skeletons of pleistocene proboscid. There are also "strange animals" that are known by
Iraqi people. In fact these are rare animals in the areas and they occur as strange only in folk
taxonomy, especially new for mind (W. Bassem 2013). Folk taxonomy is available for yearling
and old animals as different ones, as well as pelage forms possess other folk names.

wild human
In nowadays, chuhunna or yabalik-adam are still ethnoknown name for feral humans that are
occured in field ( B. Heuvelmand and B. Porshev 1974, S. Nikolaev unpublish. ) They are in
most cases genetically the same as other humans in the region, hence it is impossible to
distinguish them from other humans. Some wild man is folk name for humans being known
as other ethnic or genetically divergent populations. Most of world human populations are
involved in domesticated humans. Some of humans are wild or rewilded. They live in
primitive conditions. Suppose, wild hairy man, bigfoot or almas was firstly recognized as "the
other" primitive hunter-gatherers, more hairy, well-build. In nowadays, greatly they are "only"
feral modern humans, for quite well generations of course. Their descriptions was borrowed
from "the others" nature. They mated with civilized humans.
It is possible also that those rampant feral humans, called as "wild man" are
descendants of first human inhabitants of region that are differen each of another. We called
them primitive races or more properly distinct populations, e.g. running around, forestdwelling
and berry-eating czau-czau, etc. They live in remote or fearful plateaus. Their hairy
appearance is not mainly based on appearance but especially feral nature and folk memory
changes through time.
Nature is holistic creature and "they" or other archaic populations (e.g. neanderthal)
live in nowadays within our genes, within us.

pterosaurus and dinosaurus
I am almost sure that kongamoto and olitau are folk names for magnificent and dangerous
species of fruit-eating bats living across Africa (I. Sanderson 1972). These are charismatic
species with membranous wings and mouths full in sharp teeths. Mokele-mbembe memory
are in the fact folk taxonomy of locally now-extinct black rhinoceros and reptile creatures:
tortles and monitor lizards that can remint them mokele-mbembe (in lingula culture) or black
rhinoceros (in modern culture, BBC reports). Dale Drinnon (2011) rightly pointed out that
water "plesiosaur" is turtle-shaped category and biologically is African softshelled turtle
(Trionyx triunguis).

rare creatures in folk memory
Existence of unknown carnivores in lost areas of Africa and South America is not so
impossible. Because of many yet populations of mammals was not studied before and we
discovered quite valuable populations in isolated regions, thus existence of small races with
relatively small fangs is more than possible. These animals live in small relict populations are
probaly existed yet in areas or more yet to north on swamps e.g. in north-west Africa. They
live in very low density and prefer secretive ground or tree-dwelling life style. We had some
skin of these carnivores. Remember, they live in very low density (rare as other mammalian
carnivores in tropics) as relict endemics.
For example, following by the Bernard Heuvelmans (1958) mngwa is in superstition
tradition of golden cat increased in size to lion (K. Shuker, unpubl.) I think that golden cat
could be rather barely known by natives, and current answer to mngwa is rather night-activity
behaviour of striped hyaena, which is different in activity than hyaenas living during at day.
Leopons or other large cats are contributed of ancient folk memory.

mapinguary
Existed in native folklore as giant standing on two legs with two oral openings, it is
supposedly one of the most ferocious creatures destroying track of forest. The legend could
be transformed by folklore in long-preserved folk memory of giant sloth. Mystery is simple
recognize in fact the opposite to previous arkana relict. Mapinguari is now-only-in-mind
creature of folklore that is assigned to be giant anteater standing on back legs, scream of wild
pigs and old tribal man living out of villagers (P. Spein 2011).

water monsters
It is know that sea monsters are depiction of fear toward unrecognized resources of water
and monstrosity. We, virtually must realize of that creatures inhabit freshwater lakes and
rivers, as well as sea monsters as in mostly described by current science or totally nonbiological
artefacts or only objects floating on the water surface. Some of observed animals
could be unknown yet like colosal squid sp., but smaller, non-conspicuously unknown species
are barely recognized by accidentaly human observations that its proper taxonomic position
or its absence. Some of the less popular water creature is relict snake, dwelling in the Black
Sea ( A. Tavritchesky pers comm.).

tatzelwurm
It is believed that so-called tatzelwurm, creature of alpine rocks is kind of small predatory
mammal. It is quite obvious theory. Some speculate that ferocious and longed, short-legged,
cat-headed animal is mustelid unseen by autochtons as they live under night (e.g. otter) and
in remote areas at day (e.g. weasel). It is speculated that short-legged mustelids are folk
name for tatzelwurm (e.g. Doblhoff-Dier). Karl Meusburger (1931) supposed that by
tatzelwurm records are responsible molted or mange mustelids.

this manuscript is part of educational materials gnhi pl